Color Click Board™

The sensor uses the industry standard I2C interface to exchange data with the host MCU. The high brightness RGB LED can be simply driven by MCU pins since it has three driving transistors onboard which provide enough current for the segments. The Click board™ is an ideal solution for various colored light sensing applications, or for simple object recognition. It can be used for the RGB LED color correction, backlight adjustment, in robotics - for the object color recognition, light color temperature sensing, and similar applications that require accurate and flexible color sensing.

How Does The Color Click Board™ Work?

The Color Click Board™ has two active components used to sense color: it is equipped with the popular TCS3471 integrated color light-to-digital converter by AMS-TAOS, and the LRTB GFTG, a high brightness RGB LED, from Osram Opto-semiconductors. The TCS3471 color sensor features a 4x4 array of photo-diodes, which allow detection of each light component: red, green, and blue (R, G, B). Additionally, it can sense the clear light component, too. The sensor IC has a programmable gain control (for all segments simultaneously), applying gain ratios of 1, 4, 16, and 60. This allows the optimal range of the A/D converters (ADC) to be used.

The sensor has an integrating 16-bit ADC section for each channel, performing signal integration, which affects both the sensitivity and the acquisition time. When the conversion is done, the results are stored on the output registers in 16-bit format. The data transfer is double buffered, preventing reading errors, while the conversion is in progress. The sensor does not have any IR filter, thus it has to be placed under the IR blocking glass if sensing ambient light. However, it is ideally suited for the RGB lighting applications, since the LEDs emit light in reasonably narrow spectrum bands, with no IR component. The sensor can achieve dynamic range up to 1,000,000:1 in such scenario.

The interrupt pin is an open drain type, routed to the mikroBUS™ INT pin. It is used to alert the MCU when a certain condition is reached: there are two 16-bit registers which contain upper and lower thresholds for the color intensity reading. Furthermore, a persistence filter allows triggering interrupts only when enough out-of-range events are accumulated. The number of out-of-range occurrences before the interrupt is triggered are configured via the appropriate register.

The TCS3471 sensor is driven by the state machine. It controls the operation of the sensor, via the state bits found in the ENABLE register. This register contains bits that control the ADC operation, power-on operation, enable interrupt engine, enable wait timers, and so on. The full list of registers and the in-depth explanation is provided in the TCS3471 datasheet. However, libraries provided with the Click board™ offer easy to use functions, which accelerate the prototyping and cut the time to market.

The Osram RGB LED is controlled directly, via the GPIO pins of the host controller. The bases of three transistors are routed to AN, CS and PWM pins of the mikroBUS™. Logic HIGH level on the base will bias the transistor so it allows current flowing through the RGB LED segments. The current through the LED is limited by a series resistor, so it won't damage both LED and the transistors. This LED provides a limited amount of controlled light, which can be used to illuminate the measured object in low light situations. Instead of HIGH or LOW logic levels, it is possible to bring the PWM signal to these pins, which will allow brightness control of the R,G, and B segments of the LRTB GFTG.

SPECIFICATIONS

PINOUT DIAGRAM

This table shows how the pinout on Color click corresponds to the pinout on the mikroBUS™ socket (the latter shown in the two middle columns).

Notes	Pin					Pin	Notes
Red LED	RD	1	AN	PWM	16	BL	Blue LED
NC	2	RST	INT	15	INT	Interrupt
Green LED	GR	3	CS	RX	14	NC
NC	4	SCK	TX	13	NC
NC	5	MISO	SCL	12	SCL	I2C Clock
NC	6	MOSI	SDA	11	SDA	I2C Data
Power supply	3.3V	7	3.3V	5V	10	5V	Power supply
Ground	GND	8	GND	GND	9	GND	Ground