ECG 4 Click-Platine

Note: ECG 4 Click Board™ is a development and prototyping tool. It is not intended to be used for medical treatment of patients and should not be used to diagnose or treat any conditions.

The BMD101 SoC integrates all the necessary components, so there are very few external parts required. An analog front-end section of the BMD101 SoC features an HP filter, a 16-bit A/D converter, and a low-noise amplifier (LNA), allowing it to properly sample bio-signals, which are in magnitudes of µV. The raw data is further processed by powerful filtering DSPs, allowing clean and accurate HR and ECG readings over the UART interface. This makes the ECG 4 Click Board™ an ideal solution for development of a wide range of single-channel ECG and HR-related applications, including heart rate monitoring applications, fitness applications, ECG bio-authentication, and similar.

WHAT IS ECG

ECG or the electrocardiography is a process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over time, using electrodes placed on the body. These electrodes detect small electrical changes that arise from the electrophysiological pattern of the heart muscle. ECG 4 click is used to record a single-channel electrocardiogram. The electrodes can be attached to the ECG 4 Click Board™ via the 3.5mm jack. The ECG 4 click uses a three-electrode system, where two electrodes are connected to the positive and negative differential inputs of the BMD101 (SEP and SEN pins), while the third electrode is connected to the GND. The Click board™ can be used with electrodes such as these: ECG/EMG cable, and ECG/EMG electrodes. In this case, the white electrode is the GND electrode. You can watch a video about the electrodes and their placement, or read about it in this Let's learn blog article.

How Does The ECG 4 Click Board™ Work?

The main component of the ECG 4 Click Board™ is the BMD101, a highly integrated specialized bio-signal sensing System-on-Chip (SoC), from NeuroSky, a company specialized in the production of heart monitoring-related ICs and applications. This IC is the third generation of bio-sensors from this company and it features the complete HR and ECG system on a chip: the analog front-end (AFE) section contains very precise and low-noise instrumentation amplifier (LNA), which allows very low bio-signals generated by the heart to be amplified enough for the 16-bit ADC to be able to sample them.

These voltage impulses are weak by nature and in the range of just a few millivolts, even microvolts. Therefore, any external interferences might obscure them. These interferences might be induced in the human body itself, or they might appear as the result of the activity of other muscles, such as skeletal muscles. Therefore, the input signal from the electrodes is processed by several filtering sections, both in the analog (HP filter at the input), and digital domain (LP filter at 100 Hz and BP filter for removing the 50/60 Hz hum from the mains). However, the correct placement of the measurement electrodes is crucial for accurate readings. More about the electrodes and their placement can be found in the aforementioned blog article.

The ECG 4 Click Board™ allows several types of electrodes to be used. It supports both stainless-steel and silver-chloride electrode types. The electrodes are used to perform differential measurement of the voltage generated by the heart. Therefore, the heart can be monitored from a single plane only - the coronal plane. However, this is quite enough for the fitness, heart rate monitoring and similar applications. The 3.5mm electrodes connector is further protected by two TVS diodes, which prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) through the SoC, and the Click board™ itself. The absence of the electrodes is detectable by the BMD101, which turns the sensor OFF if there is approximately 19 to 25 MΩ between the electrodes.

The BMD101 SoC uses the UART interface for the communication. The UART interface works at 57600 baud rate and has 64 bytes of TX FIFO. It uses the 8-1-1 configuration (1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit), allowing communication beyond the host microcontroller. The UART interface could be used with any of the USB to UART clicks, allowing the PC or smartphone to process and display the HR and ECG data. More information about the UART interface can be found in the datasheet of the BMD101 SoC. However, provided mikroSDK library offers ready-made functions which speed up the software development process.

There is a CS pin on the BMD101 SoC, which is routed to the CS pin of the mikroBUS™. This pin should be set to a HIGH logic level in order to activate the internal power supply. The RESET pin is routed to the mikroBUS™ RST pin. Setting it to a LOW logic level will trigger a RESET of the BMD101.

The ECG 4 Click Board™ is designed to be interfaced with 3.3V MCUs. A proper voltage translator circuit is required if using it with 5V MCUs.

SPECIFICATIONS

PINOUT DIAGRAM

This table shows how the pinout of the ECG 4 Click Board™ corresponds to the pinout on the mikroBUS™ socket (the latter shown in the two middle columns).

Notes	Pin					Pin	Notes
NC	1	AN	PWM	16	NC
Chip Reset	RST	2	RST	INT	15	NC
Chip Enable	CS	3	CS	RX	14	TX	UART Transmit
NC	4	SCK	TX	13	RX	UART Receive
NC	5	MISO	SCL	12	NC
NC	6	MOSI	SDA	11	NC
Power Supply	3.3V	7	3.3V	5V	10	NC
Ground	GND	8	GND	GND	9	GND	Ground

ONBOARD SETTINGS AND INDICATORS